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Aircraft
are noisy. Aircraft interiors are by all standards, unacceptably
loud. Speech interference levels in even the large wide body jets
are too high, as evidenced by difficulty of hearing cabin
announcements once a plane is airborne.
The noise spectrum inside an aircraft is high energy and complex
with multiple broadband sources arising from interior and exterior
origins. Three major sources are (i) engine, fan and propeller noise
(ii) airborne noise and (iii) wind (or aerodynamic) noise.1 In all
these cases, fuselage wall vibrations act as speakers to launch
airborne noise into the cabin. To date, three types of vibration and
noise management are employed in the industry. Passive treatments
such as insulating layers and constrained layer damping are usually
employed throughout an aircraft and are effective only at higher
frequencies. Active noise canceling methods are used against low
frequency noise. In an active system the vibrations are detected by
a sensor, which then sends a signal to a computer. The computer
reverses the phase of the signal and sends it to a transducer. The
transducer applies a restoring force directly to the source of the
noise in the case where the source is a structural vibration to
cancel the noise. If the noise is airborne, speakers are used to
cancel the noise with "anti-noise" sound. Detailed, expensive
three-dimensional sound mapping measurements must be made before an
anti-noise speaker system can be designed.
In addition, active
systems are both reactive and inefficient since they must cancel all
the vibrational energy to be effective. The Company's solution will
redirect the vibrational energy flowing through the structure to
regions where it can be absorbed or where it is not a problem. The
solution will be specific for each aircraft model (as the other
passive and active solutions are), will be energy and weight
efficient and will be superior to the systems currently in use.
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